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Monday, March 31, 2025

Boosting will cause the 2 seed to always bust

Once again, there are four teams remaining in a bracket: the 1-seed, the 2-seed, the 3-seed, and the 4-seed. In the first round, the 1-seed faces the 4-seed, while the 2-seed faces the 3-seed. The winners of these two matches then face each other in the regional final.

Also, each team possesses a “power index” equal to 5 minus that team’s seed. In other words:

  • The 1-seed has a power index of 4.
  • The 2-seed has a power index of 3.
  • The 3-seed has a power index of 2.
  • The 4-seed has a power index of 1.

In any given matchup, the team with the greater power index would emerge victorious. However, March Madness fans love to root for the underdog. As a result, the team with the lower power index gets an effective “boost” B, where B is some positive non-integer. For example, B could be 0.5, 133.7, or 2π, but not 1 or 42.

As an illustration, consider the matchup between the 2- and 3-seeds. The favored 2-seed has a power index of 3, while the underdog 3-seed has a power index of 2+B. When B is greater than 1, the 3-seed will defeat the 2-seed in an upset.

Depending on the value of B, different teams will win the tournament. Of the four teams, how many can never win, regardless of the value of B?

As shown in the prompt, if B<1 then 2 will beat 3 in the first round. On the other side of the bracket, 1 will beat 4, since 4>B+1 in this case, so in the final round we have 1 beating 2 since again 4>3+B when B<1. So, since whenever B<1, 1 will win the championship. On the other hand, whenever B>1, 2 will lose to 3 in the first round. Therefore, 2 will never win the championship.

Whenever B(2,3), 3 will beat 1 for the championship, since 2+B>4. Whenver B>3, 4 will beat 1 in the first round and then go on to beat 3 for the championship. Thus, there are values of B for which 1, 3 and 4 will win the championship. So out of the four remaining teams, only one of them (the 2 seed) will never win.

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