Find all pairs of integers a and b that are solutions to the following equation: a⋅(a+1)⋅(a+2)=b2+4.
That’s it. That’s the riddle.
First, since a, a+1 and a+2 are three consecutive integers, one of them must be divisible by 3, so therefore their product a⋅(a+1)⋅(a+2) is divisible by three. So regardless of the value of a∈Z, the lefthand side of the equation is divisible by 3.
Secondly, we can show that the righthand side of the equation cannot be divisible by three. If 3∣b, say with b=3ℓ, then clearly b2+4=9ℓ2+4=3(3ℓ2+1)+1≡1mod3, so if 3∣b then 3∤b2+4. On the other hand 3∤b, then Fermat's little theorem states that b2≡1mod3, so for instance, if 3∤b then there is some m∈Z with b2=3m+1,sob2+4=3m+5=3(m+1)+2≡2mod3. Thus, regardless of the value of b∈Z, the righthand side of the equation is not divisble by 3.
Therefore, since for any a∈Z the lefthand side is divisible by 3, but for any b∈Z the righthand side cannot be divisible by 3, then there are no integer solutions to a⋅(a+1)⋅(a+2)=b2+4.
While Fermat shuts the party down for Z2, if we invite Gauss in, there are solutions over the Gaussian integers, e.g., (−2,±2i), (−1,±2i), and (0,±2i). But this might be a bridge too far for this particular riddle.
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